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Social Conditions during Talpur Period – as wrote by Rahimdad Khan Molai Sheedai, the in his book ‘Janatul Sindh’
ٽالپرن جي دور جي سماجي صورتحال
مرحوم رحيمداد خان مولائي شيدائي جي ڪتاب جنت ا لسنڌتان ورتل
ٽالپرن جڏھن سنڌ فتح ڪئي ھئي، ان وقت مدد خان پٺاڻ جي ڪاھ ڪري سنڌ جا شھر ۽ وسندڙ ڳوٺ بلڪل ويران ٿي ويا ھئا. مورخ الفنسٽن، مدد خان جي ڪاھ کي قيامت صغريٰ لکي ٿو. ھر ڪا فاتح قوم پنھنجن ناانصافين کي ۽ ڪيلن گناھن کي تي پردي وجھڻ لاءِ مغلوب قوم تي نازيبا الزام مڙھي، ان کي بدنام ڪري ۽ پنھنجن ڪافر ماجرائن کي حق بجانب ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ڪوشش وٺندي آھي. مغربي قومن مان خاص ڪري انگريز خاص ڪري اھڙي فن ۾ ڪامل عيار آھن. سندن قوم جي مورخن ٽالپر حاڪمن جي راڄ کي مفت ۾ بدنام ڪرڻ ۾ ڪا ڪسر ڪانه ڇڏي. ان ۾ شڪ ڪونھي انگريزي راڄ ۾ ميونسپالٽين، آگبوٽن، تار برقي، ريلوائين، ھوائي جھازن جون نعمتون ھندستانين کي نضيب ٿيون، مگر جنھن زماني جو بيان اسان ھت لکي رھيا آھيون، انھن ڏينھن ۾ ھندستان جا باشندا مٿين ترقئ جي نعمتن کي فرنگي جي دائمي غلامي ھيٺ رھڻ لاءِ فولادي ذنجيرون تصور ڪندا ھئا. ھندستان جو آبادگار توڙي دولتمند طبقوانگريزي راڄ کان نالان ۽ پريشان ھو. ھو گزريل سادگي ۽ آسودگي جي دور کي ياد ڪري رت رئندا ھئا. اھو ئي سبب ھو، جو جڏھن سنڌ کي فتح ڪرڻ کان پوءِ 14 ورھيه مس گذريا ھئا تھ سڄي ھندستان اندر انگريزن خلاف بلوو پئجي ويو. جيڪڏھن سک ۽ گورکا مٿئين بلوي ۾ انگريزن جي مدد نه ڏين ھا، ته 1947 کان گھڻو اڳ انگريزن جا ھندستان مان ٽپڙ گول ٿي وڃن ھا[1]. ٽالپرن جي صاحبي جي زماني ۾ صوبو مغربي تھذيب کان ايترو متاثر ڪونه ھو، جيترو ھندستان. ھن صوبي جي پيداوار ھتي جي رھاڪن جي گھرج کان گھڻو وڌيڪ ھئي بلڪ ڪڇ ۽ مارواڙ توڙي بلوچستان جي ڏڪر جي ستايلن جي ھي صوبو پرورش ڪندو ھو. اڄ به ھي صوبو پاڪستان اندر بچت وارو صوبو آھي
ميرن جي صلح پسند پاليسيءَ ڪري ھي صوبو بيروني ڪاھن کان محفوظ ھو، ۽ سنڌ اندر امن امان ھو. ٽالپر فرمانروا پاڻ جنگجو بلوچ ھئا، مگر رعايا جي فلاح ۽ بھبودي ڪاڻ کين جنگين کان نفرت ھئي. مير صاحبن جي زندگي بلڪل سادي ھئي، فقط سير ۽ شڪار سان دل وندرائيندا ھئا. ٽالپرن جملي سٺ ورھيھ حڪومت ڪئي. انھن سٺ سالن اندر انھن جيڪي سنڌ اندر شھر ءِ ٽنڊا تعمير ڪرايا، اوترا سنڌ اندر اڳ ڪڏھن ڪونھ تعمير ٿيا ھئا. ميرن جي زماني ۾ شھرن ۽ ڳوٺن ۾ چوپائي مال، ان، گيھھ، ڪڪڙن جي سستائي ھئي. انگريزي ايجنٽن وقت بوقت سنڌ متعلق ڪلڪتي جي سپريم ڪائونسل کي جيڪي رپورٽون پيشڪيون، تن ۾ سنڌ جي شھرن ۾ سستائي جو ذڪر ڏنل آھي. سٺي ۽ سستي غذا ملڻ ڪري، سنڌ جا باشندا تندرست ھئا.
سنه 1874 ۾، شھزادي مير شاهنواز جي وفات کان پوءِ،مير علي مراد خان جو ٻيو پٽ مير فيض محمد خان، خيرپور جي گاديءَ تي ويٺو، ۽ مارڄ 1909ع ۾ ڪوٽ ڏيجيءَ ۾ وفات ڪيائين. کائنس پوءِ، سندس پٽ مير امام بخش خان گاڌيءَ تي ويٺو. سندس ڏينھن ۾ آل انڊيا محمدن ايجوڪيشنل ڪانفرنس جو خيرپور ۾ اجلاس ٿيو، ۽ رياست ۾ ٻيا سڌارا ٿيا. سنه 1921ع ۾ مير امام بخش خان جي وفات کان پوءِ، سندس پٽ مير علي نواز خان گاديءَ تي ويٺو، ۽ دھلي جي چيمبر آف پرنسس جو ميمبر ٿيو؛ سنه 1936 ۾ وفات ڪيائين. کانئس پوءِ سندس پٽ مير فيض محمد خان ثاني گاڌي تي ويٺو. سندس ڏينھن ۾ 15 آگسٽ 1947غ تي، تقسيم ھند کان پوءِ رياست خيرپور پاڪستان ۾ شامل ٿي وئي.
W.H. Sleeman SIR: Rambles & Recollections of An Indian Official, Vol II, CHP. X, pp. 127-129, London.
Taken from the book “Jannat al-Sindh” by the late Rahimmad Khan Maulai Sheedai.
Social Conditions During the Talpur Period
When the Talpars conquered Sindh, the towns and villages of Sindh were completely deserted due to the raids of Madad Khan Pathan. Historian Elphinstone described Madad Khan’s raids as a “Lesser Apocalypse.” When a nation wins a war, they often try to hide the bad things they did. They blame the nation they defeated, make that nation look bad, and say that what they themselves did was okay. Western nations, especially the British, are particularly adept at concealing their own misdeeds and justifying their actions by blaming and discrediting defeated nations. The British historians extensively defamed and disparaged the rule of the Talpur rulers, leaving no stone unturned in their efforts to depict it negatively. There is no doubt that under British rule, Indians gained access to civic infrastructure, shipping, telegraph, railways, electricity, and air travel. However, during the period we are discussing, the people of India did not see these things as permanent blessings or developments. Rather, they viewed them as steel chains that would keep India under slavery. At that time, Indians did not believe these modernizations would truly benefit them but would only strengthen their subjugation under the British. The landowning and wealthy classes of India were angry and worried about British rule. They longed for the past era of simplicity and comfort. This dissatisfaction led to riots breaking out against the British across India, just 14 years after the conquest of Sindh. If not for the help of the Sikhs and Gurkhas in quelling the revolt, the British would likely have been expelled from India long before 1947. During the rule of the Talpurs, Sindh was less influenced by Western civilization than other parts of India. Agricultural production in Sindh exceeded the needs of the local populace, and Sindh provided aid to the people of Kutch, Marwar, and Balochistan during famines. Even today, Sindh province is a breadbasket of surplus production in Pakistan.
The pacifist policies of the Mirs kept Sindh safe from foreign invaders, leading to peace and order. Though the Talpur rulers were Baloch warriors, they avoided wars for the welfare of their subjects. The Mirs lived simply, entertaining themselves by touring and hunting. During their sixty-year rule, the Talpurs built cities and towns in Sindh on a scale never before seen. Under Talpur Mirs’ rule, prices for livestock, flour, wheat, ghee, and chickens were low in Sindh’s cities and villages. British agents periodically reported to the Supreme Council of Calcutta on the availability of inexpensive commodities in Sindh’s cities. With access to nutritious, affordable food, the people of Sindh were healthy.
In 1874, after the death of Prince Mir Shahnawaz, the second son of Mir Ali Murad Khan, Mir Faiz Muhammad Khan ascended the throne of Khairpur and died in Kot Diji in March 1909. His son, Mir Imam Bakhsh Khan, then became the ruler. During Mir Imam Bakhsh Khan’s reign, the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held in Khairpur, and many other reforms were instituted in the state. After the death of Mir Imam Bakhsh Khan in 1921, his son, Mir Ali Nawaz Khan, took the throne and became a member of the Chamber of Princes in Delhi. Mir Ali Nawaz Khan died in 1936. His son, Mir Faiz Muhammad Khan II, succeeded him as ruler. During Mir Faiz Muhammad Khan II’s rule, on August 15, 1947, the state of Khairpur joined Pakistan after the partition of India.
